In this study, the nonsymmetrical two dimensional elasticity problem of an elastic layer which is supported by two elastic quarter planes has been carried out. It is assumed that the contact between the layer and the supports is frictionless and only compressive tractions can be transmitted along the contact area. The problem is handled by using integral transform and singular integral equations techniques, and a computer program has been developed for solving the problem. Some numerical examples have been solved and the pertinent results were compared with those found by two other methods. The three methods, namely, the integral transform technique jointly used with a numerical solution technique for singular integral equations, the finite element method, and the boundary element method, being dependent on completely different mathematical concepts, show a very close match among their results and is a perfect sign of their reliability.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Ethylen glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA) and EDTA for their smear layer removal capability using scanning electron microscopy technique.Material and Methods: A group of 28 single rooted teeth were instrumented to size 60 master file. Four teeth were also kept as control while the remaining teeth were divided into two groups. Group A: in which 12teeth were irrigated with 10 ml of 17% EGTA for 2 minutes? Group B: consisted of 12teeth irrigated with 10 ml of 17% EDTA for 2 minutes. Both groups were then irrigated with 10 ml of 5% Naocl. the control group were just irrigated with 10 ml of 5 % Naocl. All teeth in then the control group were only irrigated with 10 ml of 5% Nacl. Specimeus were then sectioned longitudinally. A scanning electrone microscope was wsed to in vetig ate the intenal surfaces of the canal.Results: EGTA chelated dentin surface more conservatively than EDTA without causing erosion.Conclusion: It seems that EGTA can be used safely to remove smear layer from the canal surfaces.

Aim and Background: The main purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness of applied behavioral analysis (ABA) approach on symptoms of autistic children during a five-year period.Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 autistic children (3-7 years of age) were intervened by ABA approach at Isfahan Center of Autism for a period of five years (2007-12). Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) was filled out at baseline and at the end of the five-year period. Besides, the subjects were assessed by a checklist including cognitive comprehension, mathematical and verbal skills, and self-help at the beginning of the study and at the end of each year. After five years, all collected data was analyzed with SPSS19.Findings: Pretest and the posttest values of stereotypic behaviors, communication problems, social interactions, and GARS total scores were significantly different (P<0.001). Furthermore, significant improvements in cognitive comprehension, mathematical and verbal skills, and self-help were observed after each year and at the end of the five-year period (P<0.001).Conclusions: On the whole, it can be concluded that ABA-based interventions can effectively reduce symptoms of autism and increase skills.

Although regarding low density and high ratio of strength to weight of titanium, the application of this metal is restricted in space industry due to its low surface properties including low wear resistance which could lead to the cold weld. For improving this property of titanium, applying protective coatings is effective. The physical parameters of wear resistance, adhesion and surface microhardness are impressive and could avoid occurance of cold weld. Therefore, in the present study, by applying plasma nitriding on chromium layer on titanium used in space structures, its tribological behavior (wear resistance, adhesion and surface microhardness) has been investigated. The results confirmed the formation of nitride chromium thin layer on titanium substrate due to the applying plasma nitriding on the chromium layer, which increasing the surface microhardness up to 1109 HV and improving the wear resistance and adhesion subsequently. The coefficient of friction is also decreased to 0. 16, which can well prevent the occurrence of cold weld.

One of the new techniques applied in the drying process of food stuffs that can increase the drying rate, enhanced the product quality, and while decresing the costs of processing is an application of infrared radiational energy. In this study the thin layer drying process of button mushroom was modeled through an infrared applied drying method. Drying experiments with sliced samples of button mushroom were conducted at three radiation intensities of 0.22, 0.31 and 0.49 W cm-2 along with three inlet air velocities of 0.5, 0.7 and 1 m/s. During the drying process, weights of the samples were determined for a calculation of sample moisture contents. Drying curves were obtained using the experimental data with the standard models being then fitted to them. Fitted models were evaluated through an application of three parameters of coefficient of determination (R2), Chi-square (c2), as well as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The selected models were determined as Lewis, Page, Henderson & Pabis, Logarithmic, Logistic, Modified Page, Dual term, Second order, and Diffusivity. All the models led to proper results, but in total, the Logistic, with the biggest R2 and the smallest c2 along with RMSE (0.997, 0.0022 and 0.0049, respectively), ended up with the most appropriate results, and showed good agreement with the experimental data.

Environment and its conservation is one of the present issues in risky modern life. Although, the present world has been improving during last years, it hasn’t been able to solve environmental problems and it has caused its deterioration. Littering in jungle, seashore, public places and passages is one of the significant environmental issues in society of Iran. The Purpose of the present study is investigation of the reasons of littering formation by the approach of Causal Layered Analyses (CLA) and planning scenario. The present study analyzed the layers forming the present social issue and searched the origin of it. In order to accomplish this study, 15 experts in environment and society were interviewed by Qualitative and exploring method and applying deep interview technique. Then, after exploiting the contents and content analysis of interviews, their opinions presented in 4 forms as litany, systematic, discourse analysis and metaphor. By applying the present discourses, the gap between state-people and people-people were recognized as important variables and were applied in presenting scenario. Finally 4 scenarios presented in a diagram which can help strategists and officials of the society.

Medicinal plants contain active ingredients in one or some of their organs. Squalene is one of the active ingredients that prevent heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases and protect the body from some cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of squalene in a number of medicinal plants. In this experiment, the plant oils were extracted and measured using Bligh & Dyer with minor changes. TLC (thin layer chromatography) was used to identify squalene. Comparison of TLC of standard squalene with TLC of the investigated medicinal plant samples showed that Caryophillium aromaticus, Descurainia sophia, Portulaca Oleracea, Papaver somniferum and Nigella Sativa contained squalene. Although the percentage of Papaver somniferum and Nigella Sativa seed oil was higher than other medicinal plants, the squalane spot of clove plant had a higher intensity of color and this indicates a higher concentration of squalene in this plant.

The principal goal of this research is to produce a CrN/Cu multilayer coating and a CrN single-layer coating and also compare their electrochemical and antibacterial behavior. In this investigation, the coatings were applied to the stainless steel substrate by cathodic arc evaporation a sub-division of physical vapor deposition (CAE-PVD). The present phases were characterized and the thickness of the coatings was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. Rockwell-C tester was used to evaluate the adhesion quality. Also, to evaluate the mechanical properties of the coatings such as modulus of elasticity and hardness, a nanoindentation test was used and the indentation effect and coating topography were evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Studying the electrochemical behavior of the coatings was done using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) tests in Ringer's solution. The results of EIS tests showed that the CrN coating had higher polarization resistance in comparison to the CrN/Cu coating and an increasing trend of polarization resistance related to both coatings was identified by rising the time of immersion. Also, using the PDP curves, the CrN and CrN/Cu coating current densities were estimated at 1.835×10-8 and 2.088×10-8, respectively. The antibacterial activity of CrN and CrN/Cu coatings was evaluated by the spot-inoculation method. The results of the antibacterial test indicated that compared to CrN coating, CrN/Cu coating had a better impact on the control of the bacteria growth.

One of the influencing factors in failure asphalt layer perecentage empty space. For that reason validate benchmark for assessing and evaluating the quality of asphalt in road projects. Coring is the usuall method for measuring quality of asphalt layer in the implemented road projects. But the mentioned method is costly and time-consuming and also show the quality of asphalt layer in a specific point. In the present article determin percentage empty space and also detection potential failure of the implemented asphalt layer with using the device GPR ( Ground Penetrating Radar ) reviewed. In the research firstly a part of Tehran network roads selected as a sample for study then evaluated mechanized with the help device GPR done. In the following taken core samples from locations rand omly and then experiments determine percentage empty space and density done on them. In comparison results destructive experiments with mechanized scrolling transpire by increase percentage empty space in the asphalt layer decreases dielectric. So that by decreasing the percentage of empty space less and equal to 9%, an increase in dielectric constant value of 5 due to non-destructive evaluation observed. . so the using output results radar can be obtained continuous profile from status percentage empty spase the project study that this profiles obtained make useful in diagnosis potential groove failure implemented asphalt layer.

TiO2-SiO2 photocatalytic nanostructure film on windshield was prepared via sol–gel dip-coating method for self-cleaning purposes. TiO2 films were prepared on automotive glass pre-coated with a SiO2 layer by a dip-coating method followed by annealing at 500 oC for 30 min. The films were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM, FE-SEM) techniques. The TiO2-SiO2 films were transparent, uniform and crack-free and the temperature was best chosen. XRD shows that SiO2 precoated layer comparatively prevent rare elements ions diffusion from substrate to avoid unfavorable compounds. The results illustrate the crystalline anatase as main phase for films annealed at 500 oC with average crystallite size of 22-26 nm, which was preferable due to much higher photocatalytic activity of anatase compared to rutile phase. The FE-SEM surface morphology results indicate that the particle size was 22 nm, whereas some pores observed in the coatings which were due to un-perfect solvent evaporation.